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1.逗號(hào)comma
用于分割并列成分?佳兄攸c(diǎn):兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間,或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后,如果是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分時(shí),跳過(guò)不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.
2.句號(hào)period/fullstop
①用于陳述句,表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束,起分割切分句子作用。
②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。如果句號(hào)作為簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)符號(hào)使用,那么這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)前后面的符號(hào)應(yīng)該照常寫(xiě)上,因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)寫(xiě)號(hào)并非句號(hào),也不遵循句號(hào)的語(yǔ)法。比如Entreprise Co.,Ltd或者I invited Tom,Jerry,etc..(注意兩個(gè)點(diǎn))。
③用作小數(shù)點(diǎn)
3.問(wèn)號(hào)
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章中的問(wèn)號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問(wèn)的功能,只問(wèn)不答,答案不言自明。Eg1.考研難道沒(méi)有價(jià)值嗎?另外,如果開(kāi)篇就是問(wèn)句,那么則屬于問(wèn)題答案型文章,對(duì)問(wèn)題的回答就是全文主旨。
4.冒號(hào)(colon):冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過(guò)程,后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容。
Eg.1997 passage3 Q2
60.The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean________.
[A]widespread[B]overwhelming
[C]piercing[D]fashionable
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
5.分號(hào)(semi-colon)前后是并列關(guān)系,包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語(yǔ)義上的并列。
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)
6.引號(hào)(quotationmarks):①引用②強(qiáng)調(diào)③諷刺
Eg1 “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.
7.括號(hào)(parentheses)①解釋說(shuō)明生詞。②補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997,Text 3)
8.破折號(hào)(dash)
①一個(gè)破折號(hào)后面起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷。
I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
②兩破折號(hào)之間其補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,可先跳過(guò)不看。
In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
9.省略號(hào)(ellipsis)...
英文中的省略號(hào)的作用和漢語(yǔ)是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句圍并且有下文時(shí),應(yīng)該打四個(gè)點(diǎn),最后一個(gè)為句號(hào)。如:Anditflewfurther,andfurther,andfurther....Jorgesmiledandturnedback.當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并作為語(yǔ)氣延長(zhǎng)的作用時(shí),應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn),如:Doyouloveme...?其余情況下使用三個(gè)點(diǎn)。如:The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town,please send...more...
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